These paradigms clash in the South China Sea, where some observers see a new cold war that may turn hot. aims to preserve the post-World War II order that it believes has underpinned relative peace and prosperity in Asia while also serving its own interests. Thus, China seeks influence commensurate with its growing economic and military might, starting with a regional order that reflects its preferences. This contest is commonly, if simplistically, cast as a rising China challenging the U.S.-led “rules-based international order”, driven by an epochal power transition. Intensifying competition between China and the United States increasingly overshadows the intractable sovereignty disputes in the South China Sea. The parties should reduce friction through high-level dialogue, agree on incident management mechanisms and clarify red lines. should ratify and China comply with the Law of the Sea convention. and China should manage conflict risks through the development of a law-based regional order that both support. How these tensions are managed matters for international law, maritime order and conflict risks. Beijing objects to what it sees as containment obstructing its rightful international role. perceptions of a revisionist challenge to what it calls the “rules-based international order”. Why does it matter? China’s assertiveness in the South China Sea feeds U.S. China’s growing capacity and determination to protect its interests has alarmed its neighbours and spurred a U.S.-led international effort to push back against Beijing’s interpretations of international law. What’s new? Strategic competition between China and the United States increasingly overshadows the South China Sea’s seemingly intractable multiparty sovereignty disputes.
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